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| battles = | awards = 30px Purple Heart }} }} James Garner (born James Scott Bumgarner; April 7, 1928 – July 19, 2014) was an American actor, voice artist, singer, producer, and comedian. He starred in several television series over more than five decades, including such popular roles as Bret Maverick in the 1950s western comedy series ''Maverick'' and Jim Rockford in the 1970s detective comedic drama series ''The Rockford Files'', and played leading roles in more than 50 theatrical films, including ''The Great Escape'' (1963) with Steve McQueen, Paddy Chayefsky's ''The Americanization of Emily'' (1964), ''Grand Prix'' (1966), Blake Edwards' ''Victor Victoria'' (1982), ''Murphy's Romance'' (1985), for which he received an Academy Award nomination, ''Space Cowboys'' (2000) with Clint Eastwood, and ''The Notebook'' (2004). ==Early life== Garner was born James Scott Bumgarner on April 7, 1928 in Norman, Oklahoma, the youngest of three sons of Weldon Warren Bumgarner, a carpet layer, and his wife, Mildred Scott (Meek).〔The surname is spelled "Bumgarner" as confirmed by Garner in an interview at (Archive of American Television Interview with James Garner ) (Part 1 of 6)〕 His brothers were actor Jack Garner (1926–2011) and Charles Bumgarner, a school administrator who died in 1984. His family was Methodist. His mother died when he was five years old.〔 (US Census records for 1900 show that Mr. Garner's maternal ancestor, Charles Meek, listed as "white", resided on the Choctaw Nation in Oklahoma.) Page: 46, photo caption: "Though Gigi Garner, 18, . . ." Page 46, JG: "I was a terrible student and I never actually graduated from high school, but I got my diploma in the Army." Page 48: "my two daughters, Kim and Gigi" Page 48: "to his darkly pretty, very bright wife, Lois" Page 48, Lois: "When I first met him, I was an emotional wreck. My seven-year-old daughter, Kim, was in a hospital with polio." Page 58: "Jim's mother, who was half Cherokee Indian, a beautiful woman who died when he was five." (The interview was conducted on the set of ''Rockford Files'' and at his home with his wife and two daughters present, who lived at home. Kim's age was given as "27".〕 After their mother's death, Garner and his brothers were sent to live with relatives. Garner was reunited with his family in 1934, when Weldon remarried.〔(James Garner: The actor known for his portrayals of an honourable man in a dishonourable world, ''The Independent'' )〕 Garner came to hate his stepmother, Wilma, who beat all three boys, especially James. When he was 14, Garner had enough and after a heated battle, she left the family, never to return. Jack Garner later commented, "She was a damn no-good woman".〔Strait, Raymond . ''James Garner''. New York, New York: St. Martin's Press. 1985. ISBN 0-312-43967-9〕 Garner stated that his stepmother punished him by forcing him to wear a dress in public, and that the boy finally engaged in a physical fight with her, knocking her down and choking her to keep her from killing the boy in retaliation. This incident ended the marriage.〔Grobel, Lawrence. ''The Art of the Interview''. New York: Three Rivers Press. 2004, p. 161. ISBN 1-4000-5071-5〕 Shortly after his marriage broke up, Weldon Bumgarner moved to Los Angeles, though his sons stayed in Norman. After working at several jobs he disliked, Garner joined the United States Merchant Marine at age 16 near the end of World War II. He liked the work and his shipmates, but he suffered from chronic seasickness.〔 After the war, Garner joined his father in Los Angeles and enrolled at Hollywood High School, where he was voted the most popular student. A high school gym teacher recommended him for a job modeling Jantzen bathing suits.〔Cunneff, Tom. ("Jim Dandy" ). ''People'' (February 7, 2005) Retrieved on May 30, 2008〕 It paid well ($25 an hour), but in his first interview for the Archives of American Television,〔(James Garner interview ) at Archive of American Television – (c/o Google Video; March 17, 1999)〕 he said he hated modeling; he soon quit and returned to Norman. He played football and basketball at Norman High School), and competed on the track and golf teams.〔("Proud to be an OKIE" ). ''Tulsa World'' (July 15, 2007)〕 However, he dropped out in his senior year. In a 1976 ''Good Housekeeping'' magazine interview, he admitted, "I was a terrible student and I never actually graduated from high school, but I got my diploma in the Army."〔 He enlisted in the National Guard, serving his first seven months in California. He then went to Korea for 14 months, as a rifleman in the 5th Regimental Combat Team during the Korean War. He was wounded twice, first in the face and hand by shrapnel fire from a mortar round, and the second time in the buttocks from friendly fire from U.S. fighter jets as he dove headfirst into a foxhole. Garner received the Purple Heart in Korea for the first injury. He qualified for a second Purple Heart (eligibility requirement: "As the result of friendly fire while actively engaging the enemy"), but he did not actually receive it until 1983, 32 years after it had happened.〔〔"Actor James Garner Receives Purple Heart 32 Years Late". Associated Press (c/o ''The Daily Oklahoman''; January 25, 1983)〕〔"Garner Has a Heart ... 30 Years Late" – United Press International c/o ''Philadelphia Daily News''. January 25, 1983〕〔"Jim Garner Gets Behind a Cause". ''Philadelphia Daily News'' (May 12, 1995). Retrieved on August 3, 2008〕 Garner was a self-described "scrounger" for his company in Korea, a role he later played in ''The Great Escape''〔Rubin, Steve. Documentary: ''Return to 'The Great Escape''. MGM Home Entertainment (1993)〕 and ''The Americanization of Emily''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Garner」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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